In late 2010, I stopped watching the big four Sunday Morning news (related) talk shows. As my interest in early morning the shows waned to nil, I wrote it off as, well, smarting from the November Election Tea Party successes and a general lack of interest in politics (albeit it temporary). Recent articles and re-circulation of the articles have finally reached my PC. I now know that I was suffering from “Big Media, Republican, White Man (itis)” (BMedia-GOP-WMale syndrome) Before you click off the web page, or utter words (even if non-spoken) of contempt for the writer, allow me a few more minutes and a couple of credible references.
FAIR Fairness and Accuracy Reporting conducted a detailed study of the Sunday Morning shows:
* CBS Face the Nation
* NBC Meet the Press
* ABC The Week
* Fox News Sunday
How have I come to the conclusion and diagnosis delineated above: BMedia-GOP-WMale syndrome?
FAIR.…
Evaluating the guest lists for the eight months from June 2011 through February 2012, FAIR found a distinct conservative skew in both one-on-one interview segments and roundtable discussions.
The progressive in me, better yet my LIBERAL paradigm, via my subconscious performed a self-preserving function it may have evolved to perform. When combined with the oversight of the conscious mind and changed the behavior of the host human being (me). My subconscious signaled an aversion and my conscious mind changed my behavior.
We will get to the FAIR April 2012 and a related Think Progress April 2012 articles in a few minutes, first allow a moment of opine about the matter.
Is should be no surprise to anyone the United States of America has taken a decided move to the social/political Right. From the birth of the ‘swing’ Right with Richard Nixon’s “LEGAL” political operatives (not the criminal activities of the Committee to Re-Elect the President squads) through the Reagan Years with full blossom with George W. Bush, the nation moved slowly Right as if led by adroit Pied Pipers.
As a matter of example… one legal operative Lee Atwater
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Political career
Atwater rose during the 1970s and the 1980 election in the South Carolina Republican party, working on the campaigns of Governor Carroll Campbell and Senator Strom Thurmond. During his years in South Carolina, Atwater became well known for running hard-edged campaigns based on emotional wedge issues.
[]1980 election
Atwater’s aggressive tactics were first demonstrated during the 1980 congressional campaigns. He was a campaign consultant to Republican incumbent Floyd Spence in his campaign for Congress against Democratic nominee Tom Turnipseed. Atwater’s tactics in that campaign included push polling in the form of fake surveys by “independent pollsters” to inform white suburbanites that Turnipseed was a member of the NAACP. He also sent out last-minute letters from Sen. Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) telling voters that Turnipseed would disarm America and turn it over to liberals and communists. At a press briefing, Atwater planted a “reporter” who rose and said, “We understand Turnipseed has had psychotic treatment.” Atwater later told the reporters off the record that Turnipseed “got hooked up to jumper cables”– a reference to electroconvulsive therapy that Turnipseed underwent as a teenager.[4]
“Lee seemed to delight in making fun of a suicidal 16-year-old who was treated for depression with electroshock treatments”, Turnipseed recalled. “In fact, my struggle with depression as a student was no secret. I had talked about it in a widely covered news conference as early as 1977, when I was in the South Carolina State Senate. Since then I have often shared with appropriate groups the full story of my recovery to responsible adulthood as a professional, political and civic leader, husband and father. Teenage depression and suicide are major problems in America, and I believe my life offers hope to young people who are suffering with a constant fear of the future.” [4]
After the 1980 election, Atwater went to Washington and became an aide in the Ronald Reagan administration, working under political director Ed Rollins. In 1984, Rollins managed Reagan’s re-election campaign, and Atwater became the campaign’s deputy director and political director. Rollins tells several Atwater stories in his 1996 book Bare Knuckles and Back Rooms. [5] He states that Atwater ran a dirty tricks operation against vice-presidential nominee Geraldine Ferraro including publicizing the fact that Ferraro’s parents had been indicted of numbers running in the 1940s. Rollins also described Atwater as “ruthless”, “ Ollie North in civilian clothes”, and someone who “just had to drive in one more stake”.
During his years in Washington, Atwater became aligned with Vice President George H.W. Bush, who chose Atwater to run his 1988 presidential campaign.
Atwater on the Southern Strategy
As a member of the Reagan administration in 1981, Atwater gave an anonymous interview to political scientist Alexander P. Lamis. Part of this interview was printed in Lamis’ book The Two-Party South, then reprinted in Southern Politics in the 1990s with Atwater’s name revealed. Bob Herbert reported on the interview in the 6 October 2005 edition of the New York Times. Atwater talked about the GOP’s Southern Strategy and Ronald Reagan‘s version of it:
Atwater: As to the whole Southern strategy that Harry S. Dent, Sr. and others put together in 1968, opposition to the Voting Rights Act would have been a central part of keeping the South. Now [the new Southern Strategy of Ronald Reagan] doesn’t have to do that. All you have to do to keep the South is for Reagan to run in place on the issues he’s campaigned on since 1964 and that’s fiscal conservatism, balancing the budget, cut taxes, you know, the whole cluster.
Questioner: But the fact is, isn’t it, that Reagan does get to the Wallace voter and to the racist side of the Wallace voter by doing away with legal services, by cutting down on food stamps?
Atwater: You start out in 1954 by saying, “Nigger, nigger, nigger.” By 1968 you can’t say “nigger” — that hurts you. Backfires. So you say stuff like forced busing, states’ rights and all that stuff. You’re getting so abstract now [that] you’re talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you’re talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is [that] blacks get hurt worse than whites. And subconsciously maybe that is part of it. I’m not saying that. But I’m saying that if it is getting that abstract, and that coded, that we are doing away with the racial problem one way or the other. You follow me — because obviously sitting around saying, “We want to cut this,” is much more abstract than even the busing thing, and a hell of a lot more abstract than “Nigger, nigger.”[6][7]
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We all know more current GOP movers and shakers (Roger Ailes, Karl Rove) and their ‘well oiled money machine’ fuels organizations like Freedom Works, ALEC, and related groups.
OM another front the GOP very effectively joined with evangelicals, anti-civil rights and anti-human rights groups, a military-industrial complex and (ever-presents today) ‘uber’ wealthy money MEN on crafting the move Right. They want a nation as it existed pre-1955, and they are well on their way to success. My list did not include alleged ‘fiscal conservatives’ because the GOP has never manifest a true fiscal conservative administration. Ronald Reagan and neither Bush fit the fiscal conservative oasis.
The final peg in the plank is media. Television and radio networks exist via revenue from advertisers that pay to have their products or services broadcast via electronic media. Thus, ratings and viewership are necessary ‘drivers’ of most programming. (That said, I loathe the thought of MSNBC’s Lock-UP programming over the each weekend viewing hours. Fodder for another piece at another time). Viewers simply do not watch news for ‘good news’ stories. It is a factual misconception that anyone sits for minutes or hours watching news for information that falls into the realm of “Oh that was nice, or that is good to see“. They may very well go there, but only for a quick reaction to a good news segment. They will not sit for hour of such segments.
If my premise has merit, think of the power of media in shaping our social and political lives. I assert my premise is irrefutable.
The following study pains a revealing picture on my point. My assertion is not to say that the Big Four (and I would include CNN) attempt to shape how we live our lives (Socially and politically), I am asserting for sake of viewers the networks are inadvertently contributing to real danger. Dangers such as Citizens United born of the nations move to the far-right via the 2010 election, as an example. Another is the GOP all out “Shock and Awe” against women. I am reticent to use “War on Women” as wars take two to perpetrate. And, yet another the current and bodacious move to actually win elections via suppression Democratic voting blocs. There were times in America when neither of the three realities would have manifest without overwhelming uprisings from US citizens.
FAIR Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting published the results a media study, this past April. The study findings add the labor of reading this piece because there is much to read, but if you have come this far do not deprive yourself of the meat of this screed.
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If the Sunday morning TV chat shows seem like a sea of Republican politicians and conservative spinners lately, it’s not your imagination.
While you might expect to see a lot of Republican candidates and their surrogates in the thick of a Republican primary contest, the four Sunday morning talk shows—ABC’s This Week, NBC’s Meet the Press, CBS’s Face the Nation and Fox News Sunday—have been extraordinarily friendly terrain for the right, as a new FAIR study documents.
Evaluating the guest lists for the eight months from June 2011 through February 2012, FAIR found a distinct conservative skew in both one-on-one interview segments and roundtable discussions.
On November 6, Face the Nation host Bob Schieffer introduced his show as featuring a “cross-section of Republicans”—turning the discussion over to surrogates for Republican presidential candidates and various party operatives.
That kind of lineup was hardly unusual. The same day, in fact, ABC This Week’s panel featured three conservatives—George Will, Niall Ferguson and Matthew Dowd—and left-liberal Arianna Huffington. Mean-while, on NBC that Sunday, viewers were treated to a different kind of imbalance: A panel featuring two right-wing guests—Republican political operative Alex Castellanos and Wall Street Journal columnist Kimberly Strassel—paired with two centrist journalists.
These imbalances were indicative of the larger patterns seen over the course of the study period. As one might expect, U.S. government sources—current officials, former lawmakers, political candidates, party-affiliated political operatives and campaign advisers—dominated the Sunday shows overall, accounting for 47 percent of appearances (445 out of 943). Following closely behind were journalists, who, with 406 appearances, were 43 percent of sources. Most were middle-of-the-road Beltway political reporters.
One-on-one interviews
Single-source interviewssource interviews are the showcase segments on the Sunday shows, which tend to compete for access to guests they consider the top newsmakers—which, in the world of Beltway media, usually means politicians. In the eight-month study period, partisan-affiliated one-on-one interviews were 70 percent Republican—166 guests to Democrats’ 70.
A small number of interviewees (28) were not affiliated with U.S. parties—from corporate representatives to representatives of foreign governments. Some guests, like right-wing anti-tax activist Grover Norquist or feminist Gloria Steinem, would be considered to have a clear ideology. But those guests do not change the overall right-wing dominance in the one-on-one guests.
Men overwhelmingly dominated one-on-one interviews, at 86 percent: 228 male guests compared to 36 women.Meet the Press featured the fewest women, with just six female interviewees—three of whom were Rep. Michele Bachmann (R.-Minn.), the presidential candidate.
Guests were also also ethnically homogeneous, with 242 white interview guests (92 percent of the total), 15 African-Americans (seven of whom were Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain), four Arabs or Arab-Americans, and three Latinos.
Roundtable discussions
If you buy the assumption that the Sunday shows simply must feature lawmakers in one-on-one interviews, the roundtable debate format could at least give these programs a chance to bring in more diverse voices. But these segments are hard to distinguish from the lopsided interview segments.
Unlike the one-on-one interviews, these roundtable segments include some voices from outside the two parties; partisan sources—who leaned Republican, 180 to 109—accounted for less than half of the guests. But the nonpartisan guests didn’t alter the right’s advantage, with Republicans and/or conservatives making 282 appearances to 164 by Democrats and progressives (categories that are less interchangeable). Middle-of-the-road Beltway journalists made 201 appearances in roundtables, which serves to buttress the argument that corporate media’s idea of a debate is conservative ideologues matched by centrist-oriented journalists.
Women were just 29 percent of roundtable guests. The ethnic diversity was similarly woeful: 85 percent white and 11 percent African-American, with 3 percent Latino. Other ethnicities made up an additional 2 percent of roundtable guests.
And those numbers come with significant qualifications; Fox News Sunday, for instance, featured the greatest number of African-American roundtable guests—but 24 of those 27 were Fox pundit Juan Williams. ABC’s This Week featured 19 African-American debate guests, 13 of whom were Democratic strategist Donna Brazile.
Reality check: 2004
The explanation for these wildly imbalanced guestlists might seem simple: There is a highly competitive Republican primary, and that means the Sunday shows will skew Republican/conservative. Given the programs’ obsessive focus on Beltway politics in general and electoral campaigns in particular, it’s unsurprising that they would devote considerable attention to the highly competitive Republican primaries.
And Republican presidential contenders were a constant presence. Michele Bachmann made the most appearances (18), followed by Rick Santorum (16) and Newt Gingrich (13).
But does political coverage that focuses heavily on one party have to have such tilted guestlists? Obviously not. In fact, these same networks proved it in a recent, roughly approximate period—in 2003–04—that saw Democratic candidates vying to unseat incumbent Republican George W. Bush. The primary was competitive, and the party base was determined to remove Bush from office. But did Sunday shows from that period look like a mirror image of 2011, heavily tilted to the left?
Not at all, according to a broad survey of the Sunday shows by the left-leaning Media Matters for America (2/14/06). That study—which looked at guestlists from 1997–2005—also isolated interview segments, making partisan and ideological classifications of those guests. In 2003, the Media Matters tally of ideologically identifiable guests, both one-and-one and roundtable, favored Republicans/conservatives (57 percent) over Democrats/progressives (43 percent). The following year the breakdown was again Republican-heavy, 56 percent to 44 percent. Looking at one-on-one interviews, the study likewise found an advantage for Republicans/conservatives over Democrats/progressives in 2003 (44 vs. 35 percent) and 2004 (39 vs. 37 percent).
Bias by design?
That is bound to happen in a media environment that is so heavily invested in certain right-wing guests.The most frequent overall guest during the eight months was ABC conservative George Will, who appeared 34 times. Neocon Bill Kristol appeared on the Fox roundtable 24 times, while right-wing pundit Liz Cheney made nine appearances on Fox and ABC debates. The most frequent interview guest was Rep. Michele Bachmann, who made 17 one-on-one appearances. Republican Sen. John McCain, a Sunday show fixture, was interviewed eight times.
Even when the shows attempted more balance, the Democrats and left-leaning guests tend to be of a more moderate variety than the Republicans (Extra!, 9/10). Juan Williams—who, by the criteria of this study, counts as a left-leaning voice (but see Extra!, 3/12)—was on 24 Fox News Sunday broadcasts. As FAIR has argued (Extra!, 9–10/01), it’s likely that the politically connected corporations who sponsor these shows prefer a center/right spectrum of debate that mostly leaves out strong progressive voices who might raise a critique of corporate power.
A piece marking Bob Schieffer’s 20 years hosting Face the Nation (CBSNews.com, 9/21/11) quoted the host’s self-described goal: “Our aim is to going to be very simple here: to find interesting people from all segments of American life who have something to say and give them a chance to say it.” By that standard, he’s been a total failure (FAIR Blog, 9/26/11).
It’s likely that the other networks would never say that they aim to provide a very narrow, very white and male, overwhelmingly conservative view of the world to their viewers every Sunday morning. But that’s precisely what they do.
Research assistance: Josmar Trujillo
About This Study
FAIR collected guest lists for the four network Sunday shows: ABC’s This Week, NBC’s Meet the Press, CBS’sFace the Nation and Fox News Sunday. The study tallied interview guests only; brief soundbites in taped, reported segments, which were for a time a regular feature of the ABC show, were not included.
Guests were coded as either appearing in a one-on-one interview or as part of a roundtable—defined here as any segment with more than one guest. Guests with a partisan affiliation—as a congressional representative, an administration official or a party operative—were designated by the party they represented. Guests who did not have a partisan identification but who did have a clear left-of-center or conservative viewpoint were also categorized by ideology (conservative pundit George Will, progressive economist Paul Krugman).
Guests were also categorized by profession. Those in the government category consisted of current and former government officials, politicians, political candidates and party operatives (including campaign consultants). Journalists include centrist reporters as well as talkshow hosts or opinion writers. There was a small number of other guests: Corporate officials and representatives from nonprofit organizations.
Sidebar:
Push the Boundaries—and the Boundaries Push Back
During much of the study period, ABC’s This Week was hosted by Christiane Amanpour. Perhaps due to her long career as a foreign correspondent, the show she hosted took a different approach than its network counterparts, often featuring reported pieces (not included in the study) from around the world. The show also featured guests that rarely make it onto the Sunday shows—feminist icon Gloria Steinem, Palestinian leader Hanan Ashrawi and Occupy Wall Street activist Jesse LaGreca.
But, as the totals indicate, those exceptions to the rule are only that. And Amanpour’s different approach no doubt contributed to her being replaced after less than a year, with more orthodox host George Stephanopoulos returning to the job.
–P.H.
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Think Progress offers more on the FAIR study.
Unbalanced media coverage is not a natural evolution of US media’s long and storied past. The nation has one Ruppert Murdoch owned, Roger Ailes Right-wing public relations network that is allowed to operate with clear evidence it is not an unbiased political entity. MSNBC on the Left practices with a similar (Left) model, but MSNBC is does not fit the P/R glove quite as thoroughly as Fox News.
The two cable news polar opposites are one thing. They actually offer alternatives for people who live in separate social/political camps and that is no problem. The middle, however, should be the domain of the fair and balanced with some effort of equal reporting, if for no other reason basic to practice journalistic ethics and professionalism. Yet, the Big Four Sunday news shows and CNN broadcast clear viewer ratings programming that provides platforms for a party that is 92% white in racial demographics. I assert at the 92% level, it is not a party that represents real and ever-changing America. The fact that my “BMedia-GOP-WMale syndrome” is as all consuming as a case of influenza should not surprise. If one accomplishes a bit of research on the gender make-up of GOP elected representatives, the networks are victim to the party. They have no women spokespeople who attract the Big Four Sunday Shows. We all saw what happened when the party attempted to play politics via nominating Sarah Plain on the 2008 ticket.
If the Big Four and CNN do not undertake focused efforts to balance their segments, they contribute to an information base for the Right that will lead to mindset and related voting results that will take the nation back into the jaws of Republican governance. They do so at a time when we are still reeling from the last episodes of republican governance and concerted obstruction from current republicans.
Viewers Beware.